19 Oct Hereafter Legal Use
For the first 50 years of the Bluebook`s history, the Harvard Law Review retained 100% of revenue. [47] In 1974, the editors of Columbia and the University of Pennsylvania Law Reviews and the Yale Law Journal discovered this, apparently due to an indiscretion. [48] They complained that Harvard had illegally withheld all profits from the first eleven issues, which were estimated to total $20,000 per year. [49] After threats of legal action and numerous quarrels, Harvard agreed with them to share the revenues: 40% for Harvard, 20% each for Columbia, Pennsylvania and Yale; Harvard would continue to provide production and distribution services. [12] Intellectual property claims made by HLR Association may or may not be falsified. But in any case, the tactics used by the lawyer of the HLR Association in his relations with Mr. Malamud and Professor Sprigman are regrettable. The Harvard Law Review claims to be an organization that promotes knowledge and access to jurisprudence. It is a revered part of Harvard Law School traditions. But these Harvard Law Review actions are about competition, not justice. [44] The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation is a style guide that prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the United States.
It is taught and used in the majority of U.S. law schools and is also used in the majority of federal courts. There are also several “homemade” citation styles used by law publishers in their work. The Bluebook is compiled by the Harvard Law Review Association, Columbia Law Review, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and Yale Law Journal. It is currently in its 21st edition (published in July 2020). The name is derived from the color of the cover. The Blue Book is also affected by disruptions in the legal industry due to legal technology. [51] In 2017, the startup LegalEase[52] launched a legal citation generator that allows its users to create citations in bluebook format. [53] David Post commented, “This is copyright nonsense, and Harvard should be ashamed of having lost its legal dogs to distribute to protect its (apparently very lucrative) publishing monopoly.” [45] The message also suggested that HLRA “is diverting the money it spends on legal fees ($185,664 in 2013) to a more worthy cause.
[44] Another point of contention concerns the copyright status of The Bluebook. It is a monstrous growth, far from the functional necessity of forms of legal citation, that serves the obscure needs of legal culture and its student subculture. [37] The Supreme Court uses its own unique citation style in its opinions, although most judges and their trainee lawyers received their legal training from law schools that use the Blue Book. [1] In addition, many state courts have their own subpoena rules that take precedence over the guide to documents filed with these courts. Some of the local rules are simple changes to the Blue Book system. The Delaware Supreme Court has issued citation rules for unreported cases that differ significantly from its standards, and Delaware Code citation format practices in that state are also different. [2] In other states, The Bluebook`s local rules differ in that they use their own style guides. Lawyers in these states must be able to seamlessly switch between subpoena styles, depending on whether their work product is intended for federal or state court. California has allowed citations in the Bluebook as well as the State Style Handbook,[3] but many practitioners and courts continue to recommend the California Style Manual.
[4] The 21st edition of the Blue Book regulates the style and formatting of various references and elements of a legal publication, including: An online subscription version of the Blue Book was launched in 2008. [5] A mobile version was launched in 2012 in the Rulebook app, an app that allows lawyers, academics, judges, law students, paralegals, and others involved in the legal profession to reference federal and state court rules, codes, and style guides on iPad and other mobile devices. [6] A group led by Professor Christopher J. Sprigman of New York University School of Law has prepared a “public domain implementation of the Bluebook`s uniform citation system,” which his group calls BabyBlue. However, a law firm (Ropes & Gray) representing the Harvard Law Review Association (HLRA) sent him a letter stating that several years before the first issue of The Bluebook appeared, Yale, Columbia and several other law journals were “developing a preliminary citation plan,” but Harvard initially rejected it “because of skepticism about the results to be achieved and in part because of a desire not to deviate from our forms. especially when you ask for other opinions.” Eventually, Harvard “changed course” and joined the coalition in 1926. According to Justice Henry J. Freundlich: “Attorney General [Herbert] Brownell, whom I`ve known since law school — he was editor of the Yale Law Journal the year I was at Harvard Law Review, and he and I and two others [from Columbia and Pennsylvania] were the authors of the first issue of the Bluebook.” [11] In response to HLRA`s letter to Sprigman, more than 150 Harvard Law School students, faculty, staff, and alumni signed a petition in support of BabyBlue. Yale and NYU students added their separate petitions in support of BabyBlue.
[44] An article in the Harvard Law Record commented: Posner himself uses a much simpler citation system, largely based on the first edition of the Bluebook. This system, which he includes in a manual he makes available to his trainee lawyers, was printed in the Yale Law Journal article mentioned above. At the time of writing, its citation system numbered 885 words, or about two printed pages, much shorter than the 511 pages of the nineteenth edition, the 640 pages of the ALWD Citation Manual then in force, or the more than 1,000 pages of the Chicago Manual of Style. [37] The cover of A Uniform System of Citation from 1926 was green. The color was “brown from the second (1928) to the fifth edition (1936). It was not until the sixth edition (1939) that it turned blue. [12] In 1939, the cover of the book was changed from brown to a more “patriotic” blue, ostensibly to avoid comparison with a color associated with Nazi Germany. [13] The eleventh edition, published in 1967, was actually white with a blue border. [14] The cover color returned to blue in the twelfth issue of 1976. [15] A 2022 review of nonprofit disclosures by the Harvard Law Review found that the Bluebook generated $1.2 million in profits in 2020, with the Harvard Law Review reducing profits from administrative services by 8.5% and splitting the rest equally among the four law journals. The Blue Book`s profits totaled $16 million between 2011 and 2020. Excluding the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Law Review`s foundations total $59.4 million.
[50] In the following, the following part of a document means. In the following, a term is used to refer to the questions provided in the next part of a document. It can also mean from that moment in this document or statement. It may also be referred to as follows. According to Harvard, the origin of The Bluebook was a pamphlet for correct citation forms for Harvard Law Review articles, written by its editor, Erwin Griswold. [7] However, according to a 2016 study by two Yale librarians,[8] Harvard`s claim is false. The origin of The Bluebook dates back to a publication by Karl N. in 1920.